PROJECT PERSONNEL

LIST OF FIGURES AND PHOTOS

LIST OF TABLES

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE UPLANDS SETTLEMENT PATTERNS PROJECT

1.1 The Settlement Pattern Research Priorities Policy
1.2 PAC's Concerns with the Policy
1.3 PAC's Upland Settlement Patterns Project

2.0 PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN UPLAND SETTINGS:
AN ANALYSIS OF SITE DATA IN WATERSHED D
(CONEMUGH RIVER-BLACKLICK CREEK)

2.1 Introduction and the Physical Setting
2.2 Research Issues
2.3 The PASS File Database for the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed
2.4 Site Significance and Survey Priorities

Appendix 1. Summary of Information on Selected Sites in Westmoreland, Indiana, and Somerset Counties
Appendix 2. Summary of CRM Projects In and Adjacent to the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed

3.0 THE CONODOGUINET WATERSHED

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Environmental Overview
3.4 Review And Assessment of Existing Data
3.5 Suggested Revisions to the Survey Priorities Policy
3.6 Conclusions

4.0 PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN UPLAND SETTINGS:
AN ANALYSIS OF SITE DATA IN A SAMPLE OF EXEMPTED WATERSHEDS
Brandywine Creek Watershed (Watershed H)
Chester, Lancaster, and Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania

4.1 Introduction to the Project
4.2 The Existing Data
4.3 Research Issues
4.4 Site Significance
4.5 Site Location Expectations
4.6 Summary and Recommendations

Appendix 1. Bibliography of CRM Studies for the Brandywine Creek Watershed

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

SECTION 2.0

Figure 1: Location of the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed

Figure 2: Major Towns

Figure 3: Townships

Figure 4: Location of the Conemaugh River and Major Tributaries

Figure 5: Elevations in the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed

Figure 6: Distribution of Soil Types

Figure 7: Surface Geology in the Watershed

Figure 8: Location of Oil and Gas Wells and Fields

Figure 9: Location of Coal Fields and Mines

Figure 10: Location of the Catawba Indian Path and Loyalhanna Chert Source

Figure 11: Location of Previously Excavated Archaeological Sites Relative to the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed

Figure 12: Location of All Archaeological Sites Recorded in the PASS Files in theWatershed

Figure 13: Sites Categorized by Topographic Settings on Soil Type Basemap

Figure 14: Sites Categorized by Topographic Settings on Geology Basemap

Figure 15: Sites Associated with the Monongahela Group Geological Formation

Figure 16: Site Cluster on Laurel Ridge

Figure 17: Archaeological Site Types in the Monongahela Group Formations

Figure 18: Location and Density of Archaic Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 19: Location and Density of Archaic Sites on a Soil Type Basemap

Figure 20: Location and Density of Archaic Sites on a Geology Basemap

Figure 21: Location and Density of Early Archaic Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 22: Location and Density of Middle Archaic Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 23: Location and Density of Late Archaic Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 24: Location and Density of Terminal Archaic Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 25: Woodland Site Types on a Soil Type Base Map

Figure 26: Location and Density of Early Woodland Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 27: Location and Density of Middle Woodland Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 28: Location and Density of Late Woodland Sites on a Surface Geology Basemap

Figure 29: Location of CRM Projects

Figure 30: Butch's Sites

Figure 31: Proximity of Sites to the Catawba Path

Figure 32: Distances between Village Sites in the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed

Photo 1: Mortar Stone

Photo 2: Rock Shelter

SECTION 3.0

Figure 1: Location and Topography of the Conodoguinet Creek Drainage

Figure 2: Conodoguinet Creek and its Tributary Streams

Figure 3: Geology of the Conodoguinet Creek Drainage

Figure 4a: Cumberland County Soils

Figure 4b: Franklin County Soils

SECTION 4.0

Figure 1: Location of the Brandywine Creek Watershed in Southeastern Pennsylvania

Figure 2: Physiography of the Brandywine Creek Watershed

Figure 3: Frequency of State Environmental Review Cultural Resources Reports for the Brandywine Watershed on file at the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

Figure 4: Historically Documented Native American Trails in Southeastern Pennsylvania

SECTION 2.0

Table 1: Soil Types and Associated Archaeological Sites found in the Conemaugh - Blacklick Watershed

Table 2: Geologic Formations and Associated Archaeological Sites in the Conemaugh - Blacklick Watershed

Table 3: Point Types and Associated Cultural Periods Region VII

Table 4: Variables used in the Crooked Creek Survey

Table 5: Results of the Crooked Creek Survey

Table 6: Environmental Variables Used in the Skelly and Loy GIS Model

Table 7: Topographic Setings Investigated During the Kittanning Bypass Survey

Table 8: Summary of Period of Occupation and Environmental Setting of Sites Investigated in the Meyersdale Project

Table 9: Distribution of Site Types in Upland and Floodplain Settings on the Meyersdale Project

Table 10: PASS File Sites associated with the Monongahela Group Geologic Formation

Table 11: Number and Percentage of Sites by USGS Quad In the Conemaugh - Blacklick Watershed

Table 12: Frequency of Chronological Components in the Conemaugh - Blacklick Watershed

Table 13: Topographic Settings of Sites in the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed

Table 14: Number and Percentage of Sites by USGS Quad In the Conemaugh - Blacklick Watershed

Table 15: Distribution of Site Types for the Total Watershed, Upland and Floodplain Settings

Table 16: List of Site Types by Topographic Setting and Cultural Period for Single Component Sites

Table 17: Multicomponent Sites in the Blacklick Drainage Area - Non-Upland Settings

Table 18: Multicomponent Sites in the Blacklick Drainage Area - Upland Settings

Table 19: Condition of Sites in the Conemaugh-Blacklick Watershed

Table 20: Causes of Site Destruction Recorded in the PASS Files

Table 21: Summary of Area covered by CRM Projects and Number of Sites Discovered

Table 22: Cultural Resource Projects in the Conemaugh - Blacklick Watershed and Adjacent Areas

Table 23: National Register Eligibility Assessments Recorded in the PASS File Database

Table 24: Density of Archaeological Sites found through Systematic Survey

Table 25: Methods Used to Discover Sites in the Conemaugh-Blacklick Drainage

SECTION 3.0

Table 1: Bedrock Formations of the Conodoguinet Watershed

Table 2: Inter-county Concordance And Description of Soil Associations

Table 3: List of Sites in Watershed 135 Showing Setting Criteria

Table 4: Method of Site Discovery by Setting

Table 5: List of Diagnostic Artifacts Recovered by Site

Table 6: Chronology of Sites in Watershed 135 by Setting

Table 7: Distribution of Sites in Watershed by Landform and Known Component

Table 8: CRM Investigations in the Conodoguinet Watershed

Table 9: Distribution of Site Slopes by Setting

Table 10: Site Aspect by Setting

Table 11: List of Site Types in Watershed by Setting

Table 12: Distance to Primary Water Source by Setting

Table 13: Elevation Above Primary Water Source by Setting

Table 14: Distance to Confluence by Setting

Table 15: Elevation Above Confluence by Setting

Table 16: Sites in Watershed 135 by Setting and Soil Group

Table 17: Sites in Watershed 135 by Setting, Soil Group, and Known Component

SECTION 4.0

Table 1: Topographic Settings of the Brandywine Creek Archeological Sites and their PASS-File Codes

Table 2: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of PASS-File Documented Sites in the Brandywine Creek Watershed Listed by Topographic Settings

Table 3: Data for Sites Receiving Phase II Archeological Evaluation

Table 4: Frequencies of PASS-File Documented Sites located in the Brandywine Creek Watershed Listed by Discovery Methods and Topographic Settings

Table 5: Frequencies of PASS-File Documented Sites located in the Brandywine Creek Watershed Listed by Discovery Methods and Site Types

Table 6: Frequencies of Prehistoric Components Listed by Topographic Settings for PASS-File Documented Sites Located in the Brandywine Creek Watershed

Table 7: Distribution of PASS-File Documented Sites located in the Brandywine Creek Watershed Listed by Topographic Settings and Dated versus Undated Components

Table 8: Frequencies of Prehistoric Sites Listed by Presence of Lithic Raw Materials and Topographic Settings for PASS-File Documented Sites Located in the Brandwine Creek Watershed

Table 9: Frequencies of Prehistoric Sites Listed by Presence of Lithic Raw Materials and Topographic Settings for PASS-File Documented Sites Located in the Brandywine Creek Watershed

Table 10: Distribution of Artifact Classes by Topographic Setting

Table 11: Frequency Distribution of Sites and Artifact Classes by Topographic Setting within the Brandywine Creek Watershed

Table 12: Correlation Table: Environmental Review (ER) Number and Bibliographic Reference

Table 13: Brandywine Watershed: Archaeology Report Summary Form

SECTION 5.0

Table 1: Single Component vs. Multicomponent Sites

Table 2: Number of Datable Components

PROJECT PERSONNEL

Patricia Miller, Coordinator
KCI Technologies, Inc, 5001 Louise Drive, Suite 201, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055

Dean Snow, Outside Reviewer
Department. of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802

Brandywine Watershed

Robert G. Kingsley
John Milner Associates, Inc., 535 N Church Street, West Chester, PA 19380

Peter E. Siegel
John Milner Associates, Inc., 535 N Church Street, West Chester, PA 19380

Douglas C. Kellogg
John Milner Associates, Inc., 535 N Church Street, West Chester, PA 19380

Conodoguinet Watershed

Philip A. Perazio
Kittatinny Archaeological Research Inc., PO Box 117, Stroudsburg, PA 18360

William J. Meyer, Jr.
Kittatinny Archaeological Research Inc., PO Box 117, Stroudsburg, PA 18360

Conemaugh-Blacklick

Beverly Chiarulli
Department of Anthropology, G12E McElhaney Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania., Indiana, PA 15708

Peer Reviewers

Fred Kinsey
534 Saratoga Road, Lancaster, PA 17603

Michael Stewart
Dept. of Anthropology, Gladfelter Hall, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122

Paul Raber
Heberling Associaates, Inc, 415 Mifflin Street, Huntingdon, PA 16652

Sarah W. Neusius
Dept. of Anthropology, G12E McElhaney Hall, Indiana U. of Penna., Indiana, PA 15708

William Johnson
PO Box 9175, Pittsburgh, PA 15224-0175

Kristen Beckman
Skelly & Loy, 520 Seco Road, Monroeville, PA 15146

Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission

Kurt Carr
Bureau of Historic Preservation, Penna Historical and Museum Comm., Box 1026, Harrisburg, PA 17108-1026